Woodland

Foxes are small to medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. They have a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or brush). Foxes are generally smaller than other members of the family Canidae, such as wolves and jackals, while they may be larger than some within the family, such as Raccoon dogs. In the largest species, the red fox, males weigh on average between 4.1 and 8.7 kilograms (9 and 19+1⁄4 pounds), while the fennec fox weighs just 0.7 to 1.6 kg (1+1⁄2 to 3+1⁄2 lb). Fox features typically include a triangular face, pointed ears, an elongated rostrum, and a bushy tail. They are digitigrade (meaning they walk on their toes). In the wild, the typical lifespan of a fox is one to three years, although individuals may live up to ten years. Unlike many canids, foxes are not always packed animals. Typically, they live in small family groups, but some (such as Arctic foxes) are known to be solitary. Foxes are omnivores. Their diet is primarily comprised of invertebrates, such as insects, and small vertebrates, such as reptiles and birds. They may also eat eggs and vegetation.

Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are widely distributed and are found on all continents except Antarctica. Past observations have indicated that while hawks can quickly adapt to any surroundings, hawks prefer an open habitat. Hawks usually like to live in places like deserts and fields, likely as it is easier to find prey. They can live anywhere and be found in mountainous plains and tropical, moist areas. A hawk's diet is predictable and includes a variety of smaller animals. Some of these small animals include snakes, lizards, fish, mice, rabbits, squirrels, birds, and any other type of small game that is found on the ground. More specifically, a red-shouldered hawk likes to eat smaller birds like doves and bugs like grasshoppers and crickets.

A jay is a member of several species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the crow family Corvidae. Jay is omnivorous. Their diet consists of seeds, insects, and, less frequently, young birds and eggs. Jays mainly breed in deciduous woodland and, to a lesser extent, in coniferous forests. Jays in Ireland tend to be significantly shyer and more elusive than those found in Britain and the Continent and are only rarely seen in suburban gardens.

The Canada lynx is a medium-sized North American lynx that ranges across Alaska, Canada, and northern areas of the contiguous United States. It is characterized by its long, dense fur, triangular ears with black tufts at the tips, and broad, snowshoe-like paws. Its hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs, so its back slopes down to the front. The lynx is a good swimmer and an agile climber. Lynx have a short tail, characteristic tufts of black hair on the tips of their ears, large, padded paws for walking on snow, and long whiskers on the face. Under their neck, they have a ruff with black bars resembling a bow tie, although this is often not visible. The lynx inhabits high-altitude forests with a dense cover of shrubs, reeds, and tall grass. Although this cat hunts on the ground, it can climb trees and swim swiftly, catching fish. The lynx is usually solitary, although a small group may travel and hunt together occasionally. Mating takes place in the late winter, and the female gives birth to between one and four kittens once a year. The gestation time of the lynx is about 70 days. The young stay with the mother for one more winter, a total of around nine months, before moving out to live on their own as young adults. The lynx creates its den in crevices or under ledges. It feeds on a wide range of animals from white-tailed deer, reindeer, roe deer, small red deer, and chamois to smaller, more usual prey: snowshoe hares, fish, foxes, sheep, squirrels, mice, turkeys, and other birds, and goats. It also eats ptarmigans, voles, and grouse.

The moose (in North America) or elk (in Eurasia) (Alces alces) is a member of the New World deer subfamily and is the largest and heaviest extant species in the deer family. Most adult male moose have distinctive broad, palmate ('open-hand shaped') antlers; most other members of the deer family have antlers with a dendritic ('twig-like') configuration. Moose typically inhabit boreal forests, temperate broadleaf, and mixed forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Hunting and other human activities have caused a reduction in the size of the moose's range over time. Its diet consists of both terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Predators of moose include wolves, bears, humans, and (rarely) wolverines. Unlike most deer species, moose do not form herds and are solitary animals, aside from calves who remain with their mother until the cow begins estrus (typically at 18 months after the calf's birth). At this point, the cow chases them away. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary, moose can become aggressive and move quick if angered or startled. Their mating season in the autumn features energetic fights between males competing for a female.

Rabbits, also known as bunnies or bunny rabbits, are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also contains the hares) of the order Lagomorpha (which also has the pikas). The European rabbit, introduced on every continent except Antarctica, is familiar throughout the world as a wild prey animal and a domesticated form of livestock and pet. With its widespread effect on ecologies and cultures, the rabbit is a part of daily life in many areas of the world—as food, clothing, a companion, and a source of artistic inspiration.

The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, Scotland to the Caucasus, and east to northern Iran and Iraq. It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will not generally venture into a field that has had or has livestock in it. It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will not generally venture into a field that has had or has livestock in it.

Squirrels are the family Sciuridae family, which includes small or medium-sized rodents. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and were introduced by humans to Australia. The earliest known fossilized squirrels date from the Eocene epoch, and among other living rodent families, the squirrels are most closely related to the mountain beaver and the dormice. Squirrels are generally small animals, ranging in size from 10–14 cm (3.9–5.5 in) in total length and just 12–26 g (0.42–0.92 oz) in weight. Squirrels mate either once or twice a year and, following a gestation period of three to six weeks, give birth to several offspring that vary by species. The young are altricial, being born naked, toothless, and blind. In most species of squirrel, the female alone looks after the young, which are weaned at six to ten weeks and become sexually mature by the end of their first year. Generally, the ground-dwelling squirrel species are social, often living in well-developed colonies, while the tree-dwelling species are more solitary.

The wild boar, also known as the wild swine, common wild pig,]Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The wild boar is a bulky, massively built suid with short and relatively thin legs. The trunk is short and robust, while the hindquarters are comparatively underdeveloped. The region behind the shoulder blades rises into a hump, and the neck is short and thick to nearly immobile. The animal's head is large, taking up to one-third of the body's entire length. Boars are typically social animals, living in female-dominated sounders consisting of barren sows and mothers with young led by an old matriarch. Male boars leave their sounder at 8–15 months, while females either remain with their mothers or establish new territories nearby. Subadult males may live in loosely knit groups, while adult and elderly males tend to be solitary outside the breeding season. The wild boar is a highly versatile omnivore whose diversity in the choice of food is comparable to that of humans.

Woodpeckers are part of the family Picidae, including the piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions. Most species live in forests or woodland habitats. Woodpecker species feed on insects and other invertebrates living under bark and in wood. Still, the family is characterized by its dietary flexibility, with many species being both highly omnivorous and opportunistic. The diet includes ants, termites, beetles, their larvae, caterpillars, spiders, other arthropods, bird eggs, nestlings, small rodents, lizards, fruit, nuts, and sap. Excavation takes many insects and their grubs from living and dead trees. Overall, woodpeckers are arboreal birds of wooded habitats. They reach their most remarkable diversity in tropical rainforests but occur in almost all suitable habitats, including woodlands, savannahs, scrublands, and bamboo forests. Even grasslands and deserts have been colonised by various species. These habitats are more easily occupied where a small number of trees exist, or in the case of desert species like the Gila woodpecker, tall cacti are available for nesting. Some are specialists and are associated with coniferous or deciduous woodlands, or even, like the acorn woodpecker, with individual tree genera (oaks in this case). Other species are generalists and are able to adapt to forest clearance by exploiting secondary growth, plantations, orchards, and parks. Forest-dwelling species generally need rotting or dead wood on which to forage.